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CHEMICAL TREATMENT Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation and Inhibition in the Presence of Zinc Ions to the formation of Zn2+ complexes. In the presence of Zn2+ scale inhibitor pairs with Zn2+ and Mg2+ .4 These Zn2+ and Mg2+ /scale inhibitor , the preferably over other dissolved metal ions such as Ca2+ cules and their Ca2+ complexes may interact with the growing CaCO3 crystal differently than inhibitor mole- complexes. For penta-phosphonate (Chemical B) and polymer (Chemical C), their Zn2+ com- plexes may have stronger interaction with the CaCO3 precipitate, leading to im- proved performance. For tri-phospho- nate, its Zn2+ finity with the CaCO3 LMKZMI[ML QVPQJQ\QWV MNÅKQMVKa Tables 1 and 2 show the inhibitor MNÅKQMVKa ]VLMZ LQNNMZMV\ KWVLQ\QWV[ complex may have less af- scale, causing Conclusions The data presented in this study show ITWVM PI[ TQ\\TM QVÆ]- scale formation in the that although Zn2+ ence on the CaCO3 PIZ[P WQTÅMTL JZQVM Q\ KIV PI^M I [QOVQÅ- cant impact on the performance of scale inhibitors. Its effect is related to inhibitor chemistry. As a result, Zn2+ References 1 Y. Kharaka, A. Maest, W. Carothers, L. Law, P. Lamothe, T. Fries, Applied Geochem. 2, 5-6 (1987): pp. 543-561. 2 I. Collins, M. Jordan, SPE Production & Facilities 18, 3 (2003): pp. 200-209. can effectively change the performance ranking of dif- ferent inhibitor products. Therefore, its impact must be considered in the selec- tion of scale inhibition treatment pro- grams. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowl- edge the Saudi Aramco for permission to publish this work. 3 S. Patel, "An Investigation of Sulfonated Polymers for Deposit and Corrosion Control," CORROSION 1998, paper no. 98225 (Houston, TX: NACE International, 1998). 4 A. Kan, G. Fu, G., H. AlSaiari, M. Tomson, D. Shen, SPE J. 14, 4 (2009): 617-626. 5 P. Coetzee, M. Yacoby, S. Howall, S. Mubenga, Water SA 24, 1 (1998): pp. 77-84. 6 J. MacAdam, S. Parsons, "Scaling on Heat Transfer Surfaces: Chemical Versus Non-Chemical Control," CORROSION 2004, paper no. 04073 (Houston, TX: NACE, 2004). NACE NEW ORLEANS SECTION ANNUAL EDUCATION WEEK $%#%-"%2 $%3#2)04)/. 2ECTIlER 3CHOOL RECTIFIER) $!4%3 December 3-4 #ORROSION 5NDER )NSULATION CUI) December 3-4 6IRTUAL 3PRAY -ACHINE VSM) /ILlELD /PERATOR S #HEMICAL 3CHOOL OOCS) GENERAL NACE EDUCATION "ASIC #ORROSION BC) $ESIGNING FOR #ORROSION #ONTROL DCC) #ORROSION #ONTROL IN THE 2ElNING )NDUSTRY CCRI) 0ROTECTIVE #OATINGS 3PECIALIST 0#3 !DVANCED December 6 December 6-7 $250 $250 $150 $250 www.nace.org/nolaedu $!4%3 December 3-7 December 3-7 December 3-7 December 3-5 ∨ PRICING AND TO REGISTER FOR THESE .!#% 'ENERAL %DUCATION COURSES GO TO WWW NACE ORG EDU OR CALL 3TUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR HOTEL RESERVATIONS #ONTACT THE .EW /RLEANS !IRPORT (ILTON AT OR AND ASK FOR THE .!#% %VENT 2ATE #ODE ..! Other Events: MR 0175—December 5, 2012 ∨ MORE INFORMATION VISIT www.nace.org/events 64 MATERIALS PERFORMANCE November 2012 NACE International, Vol. 51, No. 11 NONMEMBER ).3425#4/2 $250 "OB 3PECK $380 $150 $380 0ETER "OCK 0ETER "OCK 6ARIOUS %XPERTS s .%7 /2,%!.3 !)20/24 (),4/. NACE MEMBER 7 P. Breen, H. Downs, B. Diel, "Metal Ion Complexes for Use as Scale Inhibitors," U.S. Patent No. 5,057,228, 1991. QIWEI WANG is a senior scientist at Saudi Aramco R&D; Center, Box 62, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia, e-mail: qiwei.wang@aramco.com. He has 20 years of experience in scale management, water treatment, and oilfield production chemistry. He holds a Ph.D. degree from Texas A&M; University and has been a NACE International member for more than 15 years. FAEZ AL-DAWOOD is a lab scientist at Saudi Aramco R&D; Center. He has 13 years of experience in laboratory testing of well stimulation and scale mitigation. He holds a B.S. degree from The University of Huddersfield and is an active SPE member. HAMAD ALSAIARI has a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from King Fahd University in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental engineering from Rice University. He has worked at Saudi Aramco R&D; Center since 2002 as a lab scientist. He was the president of the NACE Rice Student Section for the year 2010-2011. He is an active member of NACE and SPE.